With the socioeconomic development and transformation, China's demographic changes have showed various unique cultural characteristics and strong contemporary features. Many concepts, indicators and theories in formal demography can hardly be used to accurately analyze and interpret China's population development. The main problems lie in the inadequate temporal relevance of some demographic analytical indicators and their lack of effective localization. These indicators include those in the fields of population ageing, population migration, and family studies. The Chinese path of modernization and rapid demographic transition has provided rich empirical scenarios for the innovative developments in demography. The future development of Chinese demography should be based on the inheritance of the formal demography achievement and the incorporation of the new features in the new era. Meanwhile, it should also follow the principles of topicality, localization, expansion and internationalization to innovate or reconstruct the formal demographic index system and theoretical frameworks, continuously promote the establishment of an autonomous knowledge system in Chinese demography and contribute Chinese wisdom to the development of demography worldwide.

Population governance is among the core themes of national and social governance. During China's contemporary governance transformation, its population governance transforms from “instrumental” to “inclusive” one. The governance tends to achieve a balance among three factors: national rationality, family discretion, and social autonomy. This tripartite model is a critical feature and a strength. Nonetheless, the governance mechanisms in China are confined to the tradition of adapting population changes to institutions. Certain inertia are hard to overcome and the efficacy is diminishing. To respond to the needs of governance transformation in the new era and adapt to the population changes, we need to adjust the understanding of the relationship between population and development, and also integrate two mechanisms—adapting population changes to institutions and adapting institutions to population changes. To maintain the strength of the tripartite model, we shall further establish a “Chinese approach” of population governance on the basis of new development opportunities.

This paper employs the Andersen's Behavioral Model as the theoretical framework to ana- lyze the determinants of utilization of formal long-term care service ( including the home/community- based LTC and institution-based LTC) using the dataset of CLHLS 2014 in China. The logistic regressions show that the enabling and need but not the predisposing factors are significant determinants of formal LTC use in China. The Paper further argues that the long-term care service utilization in the Chinese context is subject to the social-culture environment，the importance of which is highlighted. In addition，we have modified the Andersen's Model for LTC use by adding the willingness of family caregivers as the cultural factors based on the Chinese socioeconomic situation. The paper concludes with discussions on the as- sessment of LTC，the capability development of family，and the future trends of community-based service.

In the context of rapid demographic transition and socio-economic development,family size in China has been shrinking,family structure has been simplifying,and the traditional family functions have been eroding.These changes have produced considerable impacts on various social policies,raising concerns over revising and improving family policies.Despite the fact that China′s family policies have greatly contributed to population development,family security and gender equity since the reform and opening-up,the policy arrangements tend to be made implicitly that supply deficiency.This paper argues that China′s family policies should be reoriented being explicitly developmental policies.Accordingly,a special government institution of family policy should be established,and family as a whole to be regarded as the basic welfare object,family investment to be aimed at building family capabilities,and family policies to be enhanced to a generalized preferential system with which conflicting policies need to be prevented.

A major function of institutions import has been to formalize and immobilize the formerly spontaneous social stratification,and to label different classes with clear identifiable character,resulting in an obvious class gradient.This research identifies another social stratification mechanism by looking at differentiation of the migrant population resulting from the residence registration system in the big cities.As far as floating population is concerned,the income gap among different stratum is not very large;however social security,employment,education opportunity and upward mobility vary considerably across different sub-stratums.Re-stratification of stratums arises from interactive effects among institutional factors,human capital,unit and social relations.Public policies are not neutral,and are of inequality nature with selection or discrimination.

By using STIRPAT approach,this paper examines the impacts of population size,population structure,and consumption pattern and technology development on carbon emission in China.It reveals that changes in consumption pattern and population structure are the two major driven factors that played a more important role compared with population size.There is a high correlation between consumption pattern and carbon emission.Urbanization results in increased use of fossil energy,cement products,and changes in land coverage,which all lead to more carbon emission.Population age structure affects the carbon emission mainly through changes in labor force supply and consequently the overall economic growth.Reduction in average family size has negatively linked with the carbon emission as overhead consumption of smaller family household may be bigger than those larger family households,which deserves further studies.The paper also claims that China has made great effort in reduction of carbon emission through population control.Potential social policies concerning low-carbon development are discussed.